Understanding Ebikes: Legal Definition and Privilege

Clarifying the confusion: Distinguishing between ebikes and other motorized vehicles

Ebikes are becoming increasingly popular among commuters and recreational riders in the US. As sales and imports continue to grow, it’s clear that this trend is here to stay. But did you know that in the early days of ebikes, there wasn’t a clear legal definition of an ebike? This led to a lot of confusion, and some companies and individuals even started calling mopeds or motorcycles “ebikes” to take advantage of legal privileges designed for actual ebikes.

But it’s important to know that mopeds and motorcycles differ from ebikes. They have a higher speed limit and can be dangerous if treated like ebikes. That’s why most states now have a legal framework that clearly defines what an ebike is and what rights ebike riders have.

In this article, we will look closer at the legal definition of an ebike, the privileges of riding one, and the importance of correct ebike labeling. We’ll also share what Rectrix is doing to help combat any mislabeling of mopeds or motorcycles as ebikes. So, if you’re curious about what makes an ebike an ebike, keep reading!

What is an ebike? Understanding the legal standards

Regarding laws surrounding ebikes in the US, things can get tricky. Because laws are decided at the local level, each state and local government can have its own set of rules. This can make it difficult for riders to know what’s legal in their area and for manufacturers to create products that can be sold everywhere.
Thankfully, there’s a solution to this problem. Bicycle advocacy groups, like People For Bikes, have helped to promote the 3-class ebike system. This system makes it easy to classify ebikes and understand what’s legal in different areas. As of early 2023, 39 states have adopted the 3-class system, which simplifies things for riders and manufacturers alike. Hawaii, Kentucky, Montana, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina have laws compatible with the 3-class system. In contrast, Alaska, New Mexico, and Rhode Island need a clear legal framework for ebike classification.

Ebike classes simplified: Understanding the key differences

At Rectrix, we believe that clear and concise information is key to helping riders fully understand the ebike classification system. To make things easier, we’ve broken down each class of ebikes and their defining features.

Class 1 ebikes

These ebikes are powered by a Pedal Assist System (PAS) which only provides assistance while the rider is pedaling. They have a top speed limit of 20 mph, after which the motor stops assisting. If the rider stops pedaling, the motor will not provide any additional assistance.

Class 2 ebikes

Class 2 ebikes are equipped with a throttle, allowing riders to reach a top speed of 20 mph without pedaling. These ebikes may also have a PAS with a top speed of 20 mph, but the presence of a throttle categorizes them as Class 2.

Class 3 ebikes

Class 3 ebikes have a top speed limit of 28 mph and must have a PAS. They only provide assistance while the rider is pedaling, and some states may allow a throttle on Class 3 ebikes, but with a 20 mph speed limit like Class 2 ebikes.

The 3-Class system does not indicate any limitations on the electric motor’s power, but most states have additional requirements for the electric motor’s max power. In general, the limit on maximum power means that the electric motor should not produce more power than the limit set by the state. The speed limit in the 3-class system regulates the top speed while the state’s regulation regarding maximum motor power regulates the ebike acceleration. All states except Maryland have a maximum power limit of 750W (1HP) or higher. Maryland has the lowest maximum power limit of 500W for ebikes. Take note that maximum power is different from rated power or nominal power. Check the local laws to know your state’s exact max power limit.

It’s important to note that even with the 3-class system, different states and local governments may have different rules for where you can ride each class of ebike. There may also be additional regulations to keep in mind, such as age limits and helmet requirements for class 3 ebikes. If you’re curious about the laws in your state, be sure to check out the People for Bikes page and select your state to learn more.

Commuting perks: Understanding the legal advantages for ebike riders

Riding an ebike as a commuter has many perks in states following the 3-class system. For one, you don’t need liability insurance and can enjoy the same privileges as traditional bike riders regarding traffic laws. Plus, you can use bike lanes and paths, making your commute safer and more efficient. Remember that some states may have restrictions on where you can ride Class 3 ebikes, but for the most part, these restrictions won’t impact your daily commute.

You can check the People for Bikes website to find out the specific rules for your state. However, it’s important to note that mopeds and motorcycles (even electric ones) have stricter regulations since they can go faster and pose more risk on the road. Ebikes, on the other hand, are limited to 28 mph for Class 3 and 20 mph for Class 1 and 2, making them an excellent option for commuters who want the benefits of a bike with an added boost from the electric motor.

The consequences of misidentifying Your Ride: Why proper labeling matters for ebikes, mopeds, and motorcycles

Since ebikes are treated as bicycles in most states, they become a safe, affordable, and sustainable way of transportation for many commuters. The legal framework provides ebike riders with all these benefits to encourage more people to choose an environment-friendly yet safe way of commuting instead of cars. Ebikes produce 130 times less CO2 compared to cars in a 5-mile trip, and that is why they can have a significant positive impact on the environment when adoption increases among Americans.

Considering the environmental benefits, protecting the legal status of ebikes has become very important for ebike manufacturers, riders, and environmentalists. It may be surprising, but unfortunately, some individuals and companies endanger the legal status of ebikes. These individuals and companies deliberately label mopeds and motorcycles as ebikes. Some companies sell “ebikes” that, right out of the box, have a speed limit above 28 mph, which is not an ebike based on the 3-class system, or they make it easy for riders to change the top speed. On the other end of the spectrum, some individuals DIY their own “ebikes” to achieve more than 28 mph and ride them as ebikes while they are not an ebike legally.

Mislabeling ebikes, mopeds, and motorcycles as such can lead to severe consequences. Firstly, they put the rider and others on the road in danger. In most cases, these “ebikes” do not have enough braking power, and they do not have the stability of mopeds or motorcycles. Secondly, they are not registered nor have liability insurance, so if they put others in danger, they may be personally liable for all the damages and injuries caused in a case of an accident. Moreover, in some states, they may be criminally charged for not riding a street-legal vehicle. Lastly, it can harm the ebike industry and the efforts to promote sustainable transportation.

Misrepresentation of mopeds and motorcycles as ebikes can lead to a lack of trust and confusion among consumers. It can also lead to stricter regulations that negatively impact legitimate ebike manufacturers and riders. It is important to note that almost all states have a class for their vehicle with registration and liability insurance requirements. However, they still choose to deliberately label them as ebikes for their shortsighted personal gains while putting others in danger.

Advocating for ebike commuting with Rectrix.io

At Rectrix, we are passionate about the power of ebike commuting as a sustainable and efficient mode of transportation. The benefits of ebike commuting should be available to everyone, and that’s why we are dedicated to advocating for the responsible use and labeling of ebikes.

Unfortunately, some individuals and companies mislabel mopeds and motorcycles as ebikes, which can harm the reputation of ebikes and ultimately compromise the legal rights and privileges granted to ebike riders under the 3-class system.

We at Rectrix are committed to raising awareness about this issue and actively work to discourage mislabeling on social media and in other capacities. By working together, we can ensure that everyone can enjoy the benefits of ebike commuting while protecting the environment. Stay informed about our efforts by signing up for our newsletter!